Bangladesh, officially known as The People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a sovereign country in the northeastern part of South Asia. It is situated on the world's largest river delta. The nation is a unique Nation-State founded on the basis of language and culture, achieving its independence on December 16, 1971.
| Feature | Information |
| Capital & Largest City | Dhaka |
| Area | Approx. 147,570 sq. km |
| Population | Over 170 Million |
| Official Language | Bengali (Bangla) |
| UN Membership Date | September 17, 1974 |
Geography and Neighbors
Bangladesh is strategically located, sharing borders with two major nations.
Borders and Neighbors: Bangladesh shares its largest land border with India on the west, north, and east, and a smaller border with Myanmar (Burma) in the southeast. Its southern coast opens up to the Bay of Bengal.
Topography: The country is primarily a flat deltaic plain formed by the Ganges (Padma), Brahmaputra (Jamuna), and Meghna rivers.
Administrative System (Governance Structure)
Bangladesh operates under a Unitary Parliamentary Democracy.
Executive: The Head of the Government is the Prime Minister (now the Chief Advisor of the Interim Government). The Head of the State is the President.
Legislature: The Jatiya Sangsad (National Parliament) is the unicameral legislature, composed of 350 seats.
Administrative Divisions: The country is divided into 8 Divisions (Bibhag), which are further subdivided into 64 Districts (Zila), and then into Upazilas (Sub-districts). Local governance is managed by City Corporations, Municipalities, and Union Parishads.Hasina's Conviction and the 2024 Mass Killings
The 2024 Mass Uprising in Bangladesh, fueled by student-led protests against government corruption and repression, resulted in widespread violence and significant casualties across the country. Following the fall of the government, a special tribunal was established to investigate alleged state actions during this period. On November 17, 2025, the tribunal convicted former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on charges related to crimes against humanity, specifically linked to the mass killings that occurred during the 2024 unrest, and subsequently sentenced her to death by hanging. The conviction and subsequent sentence, handed down in absentia (as she remains outside the country), mark an unprecedented and historic moment in the nation's political and legal history, raising complex questions about political accountability, reconciliation, and extradition.
Educational System
Bangladesh’s educational system is highly centralized, focusing on expanding access across the nation.
Structure: The system is divided into four main levels: Primary, Secondary, Higher Secondary, and Tertiary.
Primary Education: Primary education is compulsory and free.Main Streams: Education is offered primarily in three streams: General, Madrassah (religious), and Technical/Vocational.
Examinations: Students take major public examinations like SSC, and HSC.
Economy and GDP Statistics
The economy of Bangladesh has been one of the fastest-growing in the world.
Nominal GDP (2024 Est.): Approximately $465 Billion USD (Source: IMF/World Bank).
Key Economic Drivers: Ready-Made Garments (RMG), Remittances from expatriate workers, and Agriculture.LDC Graduation: Bangladesh is on track to graduate from the LDC status to a Developing Country by 2026.
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| National Flag of Bangladesh |
🇧🇩 The National Flag and its Profound Significance
Symbolism: Green represents the lush fertility and youth; Red Circle symbolizes the blood of the martyrs and the rising sun of independence.Official Dimensions: The official length-to-width ratio is $10:6$.
History, Culture, and Linguistic Heritage
Language Movement (1952): The movement led to the establishment of International Mother Language Day (February 21).
The Liberation War (1971): The nation gained independence following a nine-month war against Pakistani forces.Major Political Transition and Current Affairs
Major Political Transition of 2024: Following widespread quota reform protests (the Gono Avyutthan) in mid-2024, the government underwent a major transition.
Legal Proceedings: The subsequent period saw the reconstitution of the International Crimes Tribunal (ICT), initiating legal proceedings concerning allegations of human rights abuses related to the events of the 2024 movement.
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